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, Christopher Columbus discovers Americas for Spain. Beginning of the Modern AgeAs a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500.
Events
- 1402: Ottoman and Timurid Empires fight at the Battle of Ankara resulting in Timur's capture of Bayezid I.
- 1402: The conquest of the Canary Islands signals the beginning of the Spanish Empire.
- 1402: Sultanate of Malacca founded by Parameswara (sultan).
- 1403: The Yongle Emperor moves the capital of China from Nanjing to Beijing.
- 1405-1433: Zheng He of China sails through the Indian Ocean to India, Arabia, and East Africa.
- 1410: The Battle of Grunwald was the decisive battle of the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) leading to the downfall of the Teutonic Knights.
- 1415: Henry the Navigator leads the Battle of Ceuta from the Moors marking the beginning of the Portuguese Empire.
- 1415: Battle of Agincourt fought between the Kingdom of England and France
- 1420: Construction of the Chinese Forbidden City is completed in Beijing.
- 1420-1434: Hussite Wars in Bohemia
- 1429: Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans and turns the tide of the Hundred Years' War.
- 1438: Pachacuti founds the Inca Empire.
- 1440s: The Golden Horde breaks up into the Siberia Khanate, the Khanate of Kazan, the Astrakhan Khanate, the Crimean Khanate, and the Great Horde.
- 1440-1469: Under Moctezuma I, the Aztecs become the dominant power in Mesoamerica.
- 1441: Portuguese navigators cruise West Africa and reestablish the Atlantic Slave Trade with a shipment of African slave trade sent directly from Africa to Portugal.
- 1444: The Albania is established in Lezha, Skanderbeg is elected leader
- 1453: The Fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire.
, final victor of the Hundred Years' War
- 1453: The Battle of Castillon is the last engagement of the Hundred Years' War.
- 1454-1466: After defeating the Teutonic Knights in the Thirteen Years' War, Poland annexes Royal Prussia.
- 1455-1485: Wars of the Roses - English civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster.
- 1456: The Siege of Belgrade halts the Ottoman's advance into Europe.
- 1462: Sonni Ali, the ruler of the Songhai Empire, along the Niger River, conquered Mali Empire in the central Sudan by defeating the Tuareg contingent at Timbuktu (or Timbuktu) and capturing the city. He developed both his own capital, Gao, and the main centres of Mali, Timbuktu and Djenné, into major cities. Ali Ber controlled trade along the Niger River with a navy of war vessels.
- 1467-1615: The Sengoku period is one of civil war in Japan.
- 1469: The marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile leads to the unification of Spain.
- 1474-1477: Burgundy Wars of France, Switzerland, Lorraine (province) and Sigismund, Archduke of Austria against the Charles the Bold, Burgundy.
- 1478: Muscovy conquers Novgorod.
- 1480: After the Great standing on the Ugra river, Muscovy gained independence from the Great Horde.
- 1481: Spanish Inquisition begins.
- 1485: Henry VII of England defeats Richard III of England at the Battle of Bosworth and becomes King of England
- 1492: The death of Sunni Ali Ber left a leadership void in the Songhai Empire, and his son was soon dethroned by Askia Muhammad who ascended the throne in 1492 under the name Askia (meaning "general") Muhammad. Askia Muhammad made Songhai the largest empire in the history of West Africa. The empire went into decline, however, after 1528, when the now-blind Askia Muhammad was dethroned by his son, Askia Musa.
- 1492: Boabdil's surrender of Granada marks the end of the Reconquista and Al-Andalus.
- 1492: Jews expelled from Spain.
- 1492: Christopher Columbus founds Spain's first New World colony on Hispaniola.
- 1494: Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas and agree to divide the World outside of Europe between themselves.
- 1494-1559: The Italian Wars lead to the downfall of the Italian city-states.
- 1497-1499: Vasco da Gama's first voyage from Europe to India and back.
Significant people
giraffe being led into a Ming Dynasty zoo, a Chinese painting by She Du, 1414 AD, during the reign of the Yongle Emperor.
- Abu Sa'id al-Afif - Samaritan physician.
- Christine de Pizan, French prince (1364 – 1430).
- Jan Hus, Bohemian religious thinker and reformer (c. 1369 – 1415).
- Zheng He, Chinese eunuch admiral and explorer (1371 – 1433).
- Filippo Brunelleschi invents one-point perspective, leads innovation in Italian architecture (1377 – 1446).
- Henry V of England, the English King who won the famous Battle of Agincourt in 1415 (1387 – 1422).
- John Hunyadi, Regent of Kingdom of Hungary, won the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 (1387 – 1456)
- Sejong the Great of Joseon, a Korean monarch who developed Hangul, the native Korean alphabet (1397 – 1450).
- Johannes Gutenberg, European inventor of printing with movable type (c.1398 – 1468)
- Stephen III of Moldavia, also known as Stephen the Great, ruler of Moldavia, national hero of Romanians for long resistance to the Ottomans (1437 – 1504)
- Constantine XI, Last Byzantine Emperor (1404 – 1453).
- Johannes Ockeghem, Flemish composer (ca. 1410 – 1497).
- Joan of Arc, national heroine of France (1412 – 1431).
- Louis XI, King of France (1423 – 1483).
- Kazimierz IV Jagiellon King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1427 – 1492).
- François Villon, French poet (c. 1431 – 1474).
- Vlad III Dracula , List of rulers of Wallachia who led the defense of his territory against the expanding Ottoman Empire (1431 – 1476).
- Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Conqueror of Constantinople (1432 – 1481).
- Mir Chakar Khan Rind (1468 – 1565)
- Marsilio Ficino, Significant translator of Plato's works (1433 – 1481).
- Gjergj Kastrioti, Skenderbeg - Albanian Prince who resisted the Ottomans for almost 30 years in the name of the Albanian people and Catholic faith (1443 – 1468).
- Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, Renaissance ruler (1443 – 1490).
- Isabella of Castile, co-ruler of Ferdinand II of Aragon and responsible with him for the unification of Spain (1451 – 1504).
- Christopher Columbus sails to the Americas for Spain (c. 1451 – 1506).
- Richard III of England, last English King of the House of York, last of the House of Plantagenet (1452 – 1485).
- Ferdinand II of Aragon , co-ruler of Isabella of Castile and responsible with her for the unification of Spain (1452 – 1516).
- Leonardo da Vinci, inventor and painter (1452 – 1519).
- Henry VII of England, English King and founder the Tudor dynasty (1457 – 1509).
- Vasco da Gama reaches India for Portugal, creating the first maritime alternative for the Silk Road (c. 1469 – 1524
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
Timeline of invention#15th century
Decades and Years
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